Dovecot users example. Dovecot CE Documentation.

Dovecot users example But there is two question. Then for each user: userdb-lookup: Bei einem userdb-lookup ermittelt unser Dovecot-Server die Umgebungsvariablen des genannten/benötigten Benutzerkontos. dovecot. User User extra field¶. conf. It's also possible to use wildcards in the user name. Prefetch basically works by requiring that the passdb returns the userdb information in Password database extra fields with userdb_ prefixes. For example if a userdb typically returns Postfix Configuration¶. In this configuration Postfix will only accept SASL requests on its submission port (TCP:587) and will not accept them on Port 25. NOTE: This is overridden for mail user variables. Main Navigation . As Dovecot is used as authentication backend in this example, this will not break inbound mail flow in case the authentication mechanism is down e. unixtimedate. The %{user} variable is not changed. Dovecot uses TLS certificates from /etc/dovecot/ssl directory. Usually the LDAP attribute names aren't Supported fields as of dovecot 2. so that users can apply filtering accordingly. Mail Location ¶. sh is executed with parameter 80. Set up the possibility of doing per-user mail location using userdb extra fields. /” in home directory path to specify the chroot path. The extra fields are also passed to Post-login scripting. password Optionally the user's password. User names and domains may be distinguished using the Variables %n and %d. lda-dupes at users home directory to prevent mail loops. EXAMPLE This example based on the first example from doveadm-search(1). search_query. Multiple queries via userdbs (v2. g. unixtime imap. ; Symlinking: Quick and dirty way of sharing a few mailboxes. com (usually not provided by the user, see above), create the digest with: For example if you're going to use CRAM-MD5 authentication, the password needs to be stored in either PLAIN or CRAM-MD5 scheme. EXAMPLE Show authenticated sessions, filtered by the client's IP address: On 13/03/2025 10:51 EET ollie--- via dovecot <dovecot@dovecot. Postfix and Dovecot SASL. Passwd. This is mostly useful in case-insensitive username lookups to get the username returned back using the same casing always. If you want to allow both CRAM-MD5 and DIGEST-MD5, the password must be stored in cleartext. received date. Exim. SSL. The extra colons are needed for userdb passwd-file format, and can be omitted if you are using the static user database in the example above. This may include: Mailbox location information; Quota limit; Overriding settings for the user (almost any setting can be overridden) One example could be a special "spam" master user that trains the users' spam filters by reading the messages from the user's spam mailbox. The initial state is not found. Dovecot CE Documentation. I have mailboxes for the family members and some shared mailboxes, all of them available with IMAP protocol. Dovecot Configuration . SASL. The dictionaries can be accessed either directly by the mail processes or they can be accessed via proxy processes. In these example we will create 3 kinds of master users. EXAMPLE Search in user bob's dovecot mailboxes all messages which contains the word "todo" in the Subject: header: The Digest is the MD5 sum of the string "user:realm:password". body imap. username=foo for user@domain gives foo@domain). ext passdb {driver = passwd-file args = scheme =SHA256-CRYPT username_format = % u / etc / dovecot / users} userdb {driver = passwd-file args = username_format = % u / etc / dovecot / users} User Databases (userdb) Dovecot uses passdb and userdb as part of the authentication process. The first will be users who can read all email for all domains. COMMANDS auth cache flush doveadm [GLOBAL OPTIONS] auth cache flush [-a master_socket_path] [user] Flush the -u user/mask. Dovecot automatically notices the new If you’re using something else, see Password databases (passdb) and User Databases (userdb). Exim and Dovecot SASL. You can use all the normal Config variables like %u in the filter. Prefetch userdb can be used to combine passdb and userdb lookups into a single lookup. Settings for the SSL certificate and SSL secret key files: user_mask List only users whose login name matches the user_mask, or the alternative username (user_* field) if the -f parameter is used. Can be overridden with DOVECOT_HOSTNAME environment variable. Dovecot automatically Dovecot Configuration . If used inside other passdbs/userdbs the setting is ignored. d: By default Dovecot is set up to use system user authentication. You can let Dovecot do its automatic mail location detection but if that doesn’t work you can set the location manually in mail_location setting. To authenticate as a master user but use a separate login user, the following configuration should be employed, where the credentials are represented by masteruser and masteruser-secret: myhostname = black. #!/bin/bash # Example Dovecot checkpassword script that may be used as both passdb or userdb. 21. Depending on how the Sieve interpreter is configured, filtering can either be performed by evaluating these headers directly, or using the spamtest and virustest . The above example configures Dovecot to use PAM for system user authentication. Dovecot supports mailbox sharing in a single backend setup: Public Shared: Shared mailboxes created by administrators. For example, if you want to log in as user with password pass and the realm should be example. <name>body. They don't need a home directory or a shell. However from Dovecot’s point of view there isn’t much of a difference between Example router: local_user: debug_print = "R: local_user: transport = dovecot_lmtp domains = + local_domains driver = manualroute route_list = "* 192. Sieve support for Dovecot is provided by Pigeonhole, which allows users to filter incoming messages by writing scripts specified in the Sieve language (). If you’re planning on using system users, you can simply skip this section and read PAM (or bsdauth) for configuring it. And it works well. Contribute to bdraco/dovecot development by creating an account on GitHub. See Filesystem If you’re using Dovecot’s deliver you’ll still need to have the user_query working. ; Sharing mailboxes when running multiple backends requires Dovecot Pro. Some distros split configuration under /etc/dovecot/conf. Certificate Creation. ACLs¶ If Access Control Lists plugin is enabled, the Master user is still subject to ACLs just like any other user, which means that by default the master user has no access to any mailboxes of the Home directory is a per-user directory where Dovecot can save user-specific files. ext result_success = continue-ok} Replace <dovecot's dn> with the DN you specified in dovecot-ldap. Home Directories for Virtual Users. conf's dn setting. continue: Continue to the next userdb without changing the user existence state. masterusers file would contain the master usernames and passwords: And vice versa: If user creates dovecot. /user would chroot to /home. ext would be: On 23/02/2025 13:05 EET sveyret--- via dovecot <dovecot@dovecot. Message-ID and recipient of forwarded message are stored in a . Run the command only for the given user. 4 I've read the doc, searched on this list and everywhere I could find something among search engine results, and I still can't figure out how to solve my problem. pass_attrs specifies a comma-separated list of attributes that are returned from the LDAP. , mail. virtualdate. If you’re planning on using system users, you can simply skip this section and read PAM (or bsdauth ) for configuring it. If one of them goes down, the others will handle the traffic Create dovecot and dovenull users and groups if they don’t exist yet. If you want to enable this for Dovecot, add the chroot path to valid_chroot_dirs setting (/home in the previous example). sent. Lua Director. Dovecot automatically Let’s say /etc/dovecot/users has the following content: [email protected]:1mail [email protected]:2mail. User Databases (userdb) Dovecot uses passdb and userdb as part of the authentication process. If var_expand_crypt Plugin is This can be useful for example in dividing users automatically to multiple partitions. physical size. saved. The mail is delivered to the location specified by Mail Location Setting. All standalone programs, such as dovecot(1), will first get their settings by executing doveconf, unless they can get the I use my centos 6. conf drop-in to conf. Assuming an unmodified Dovecot v2. System configuration¶ Create dovecot and dovenull users and groups if they don’t System users and/or Virtual users with LDAP ¶ Dovecot, ManageSieve, Exim, OpenLDAP and getmail (Instructions in German) - LDAP users can be both System Users and Virtual Users There are many ways to configure Dovecot to use virtual users. Otherwise depending on your configuration it may cause problems, such as /var/mail/user and /var/mail/User mailboxes created for the same user. ACLs¶ If Access Control Lists plugin is enabled, the Master user is still subject to ACLs just like any other user, which means that by default the master user has no access to any mailboxes of the These are unprivileged users for Dovecot’s internal use. Here is an example that sends a mail For example, PLAIN, LOGIN or XOAUTH2 mechanisms contain credentials which an attacker can use to authenticate if they are captured. User Extra Fields So for example if you wish to override mail_location setting for one user, use userdb_mail=mbox:~/mail. Namespaces . See System Users for more information. Mail files are not accessed as dovecot user, so you shouldn't give it By default Dovecot is set up to use system user authentication. It's irrelevant if it's under /home/ or /var/mail/ or wherever. com. 0 byname" #if destination server is the local host enable this #self = send. # # Originally written by Nikolay Vizovitin, 2013. The full email address (e. Password: The password associated with the email account. The important thing to consider with your UID allocation policy is that if Dovecot has a security hole in its IMAP or POP3 implementation, the attacker can read mails of other people who are using the same Virtual Users¶. Dovecot supports fully configurable, hierarchical namespaces, which can use different storage drivers. High availability ¶ You can add multiple host parameters to the SQL connect string. The two important settings in password lookups are: pass_filter specifies the LDAP filter how user is found from the LDAP. Dovecot automatically Returning a user field can be used to change the username. Shared Mailboxes . The important thing to consider with your UID allocation policy is that if Dovecot has a security hole in its IMAP or POP3 implementation, the attacker can read mails of other people who are using the same These fields can be returned the exact same way as uid, gid, and home fields. They split the previous username at the “@” character. You can use all the normal Settings variables like %{user} in the filter. Restricting IMAP/POP3 access. Note that the above configuration doesn't do any userdb lookups, so you can't have any per-user configuration. In the following example users are expected to log in These are unprivileged users for Dovecot's internal use. <section> user mailbox mailbox- guid seq uid guid flagsmodseq hdr body body. Users are authenticating using PAM, and shared mailboxes appear as sub-folders of user accounts. Step-by-step guide to set up Postfix, Dovecot, and MySQL with DKIM, SPF, and SpamAssassin for a secure, reliable, and spam-free email server. TIP. Variables and domains¶. Initially: Configuration uses mail_driver = maildir and mail_path = ~/Maildir. jp mydomain = black. Variable expansion is done for extra_fields. How can i set [email protected] means all the users. Settings for the SSL certificate and SSL secret key files: When this setting is used globally, it changes the username, including %{user} variable, for all passdb and userdb lookups. and can be omitted if you are using the static user database in the example above. Simple Virtual User Installation¶ Virtual users configured in /etc/dovecot/passwd file. Sieve Examples. envelope imap. See Mail Location Settings for more information. The ACL code was written to allow multiple ACL You'll need to create two users for Dovecot's internal use: dovenull. ext configuration and password hashing methods Now that the Sieve . jp # 外部からのアクセスを許可。 IPアドレスで制限かけることも可能 inet_interfaces = all # 仮想ユーザーの場合はブランクとするらしい mydestination = # メールの保存方式をMaildir形式にする home_mailbox = Maildir / # バナーにメールソフトの情報を隠蔽する smtpd_banner = $ myhostname Dovecot Dictionary (dict) Dovecot's lib-dict can be used to access simple key-value databases. , user@example. Im einfachsten Fall muss natürlich ein userdb-lookup nach einem erfolgreichen passdb-lookup erfolgen, da der Dovecotserver wissen muss, wo die Inhalte zu dem Benutzerkonto zu finden sind. Next part preview: auth-sql. d/auth-passwdfile. If you’re So I just had to set user_attrs to specify the locations of all attributes that Dovecot needed with: user_attrs = homeDirectory=home,uidNumber=uid,gidNumber=gid Then it worked. saved date. unixtime date. See passdb: User Extra Fields. The two important settings in password lookups are: passdb_ldap_filter specifies the LDAP filter how user is found from the LDAP. Postfix. Users are often categorized as being either system users (in /etc/passwd) or virtual users (not in /etc/passwd). Dovecot will do round robin load balancing between them. IMAP: Port continue-fail: Set the current user existence state to not found, and continue to the next userdb. passdb authenticated the user. This can be useful, but it is not required. passdb_fields specifies a list of attributes that are returned and how to produce the returned value. <section> binary. If you ever intend to migrate to another mailbox format, it’s much easier to do if you can have both old and new mail directories under the user’s home directory. ; User Shared: Users sharing their mailboxes to other users. 26: hdr. If you have no idea how you want your users to be configured, select some HOWTO and follow its instructions. bodystructure One example could be a special “spam” master user that trains the users’ spam filters by reading the messages from the user’s spam mailbox. main For those who are interested I have posted in the Wiki examples of using master users in very interesting ways. For example if you have a LDAP user named peter, you can add a separate subordinate mailbox to retrieve mail from an external mail continue-fail: Set the current user existence state to not found, and continue to the next userdb. Topics covered in this article - The concept and necessity of Dovecot virtual users - PostgreSQL table design (mail_domain, mail_users, mail_alias) - Recommendations for additional tables for email management expansion. 5 server to install a mailserver. MAILBOX COMMANDS These are unprivileged users for Dovecot's internal use. Server: Use the domain that resolves to your mail server (e. Currently supported drivers are: One example could be a special “spam” master user that trains the users’ spam filters by reading the messages from the user’s spam mailbox. example. POP3 service is not enabled by default, if you need pop3, place a pop3. the Postfix configuration. The same goes for when quota exceeds 95%. It’s possible to override settings from dovecot. Dovecot automatically notices the new users One example could be a special "spam" master user that trains the users' spam filters by reading the messages from the user's spam mailbox. user A message owner's login name. 2+)¶ Example: Give the user a class attribute, which defines the default quota: dovecot. Create vmail user and vmail group. For IMAP, it will be whatever the password database has designated as the username. 2. If this isn’t done, Dovecot ignores Dovecot opens both of these files while still running as root, so you don't need to give Dovecot any special permissions to read them (in fact: do not give dovecot user any permissions to the key file). due to upgrading to a new build. By default Dovecot is set up to use system user authentication. See Prefetch User Database for example configuration. An example password_query in dovecot-sql. Dovecot supports both administrator-configured ACL files and the IMAP ACL extension (see imap-acl plugin, which allows users to change ACLs themselves). How can i let dovecot if Dovecot can’t find the users in MySQL, it may still be looking for system users. It's also possible to use '*' and '?' wildcards (e. The important thing to consider with your UID allocation policy is that if Dovecot has a security hole in its IMAP or POP3 implementation, the attacker can read mails of other people who are using the same doveconf reads and parses Dovecot's configuration files and converts them into a simpler format used by the rest of Dovecot. Used by slightly more trusted Dovecot processes, default_internal_user setting. Dovecot is then started by running ~/dovecot/sbin/dovecot. If user suddenly receives a huge mail and the quota jumps from 70% to 99%, only the 95 script is executed. The important thing to consider with your UID allocation policy is that if Dovecot has a security hole in its IMAP or POP3 implementation, the attacker can read mails of other people who are using the same These are unprivileged users for Dovecot's internal use. Where the passwd. Typically used only for case changes (e. The plugin implements a Sieve interpreter, which filters incoming messages using a script specified in the Sieve language. 3. See NFS for problems related to it. 168. For example /home/. User name and realm are part of the MD5 hash that’s used for authentication. With IMAP and POP3, it's easy to log in manually using the IMAP's LOGIN command or POP3's USER and PASS commands (see testing Dovecot installation for details), For example you could decide to use UIDs 10000-59999 for 50000 virtual Dovecot users. LMTP. With the above example, when user's quota exceeds 80% quota-warning. conf. Related pages: System users used by Dovecot. sh script yourself. This is the user/group that's used to access the mails. Mbox¶ Поле user в виде user@domain, а поле password шифроваться при помощи SHA256-CRYPT conf. domain Updates the domain part of the username. # Assumes authentication DB is in /etc/dovecot/users, each line has '<user>:<password One example could be a special "spam" master user that trains the users' spam filters by reading the messages from the user's spam mailbox. Both of them should also have their own dovenull and dovecot groups. See doveadm-search-query(1) for details. conf: userdb {driver = ldap args = / etc / dovecot / dovecot-users-ldap. This is “New Hash”, based on MD5 to give better distribution of values (no need These fields can be returned the exact same way as uid, gid, and home fields. An example configuration is These fields can be returned the exact same way as uid, gid, and home fields. doveadm(1) will prompt for the password, if none was given. Sieve support is provided as a plugin for Dovecot's LDA and LMTP Server services. 3 config that is perfectly functional to the new v2. received. There are many ways to configure Dovecot to use virtual users. You’ll then just have to be careful that the UIDs aren’t used unintentionally elsewhere. These are unprivileged users for Dovecot’s internal use. Assuming you’re not using NFS. doveadm-user(1), Perform a user lookup in Dovecot's userdbs. The full chain certificate name is expected to be tls. For example you could decide to use UIDs 10000-59999 for 50000 virtual Dovecot users. The previous username is: For LMTP, it will be user@hostname, where hostname depends on e. See doveadm-search-query(7) for details. 今回は、Dovecotの認証データベースの1つである passwd-file についてです。 特徴は、以下のようになります。 /etc/passwdと（ほぼ ACL: Access Control List Plugin (acl) This page talks mainly about how ACLs work, for more general description of how shared mailboxes work, see shared mailboxes. Passwd-file. Set IP and port For example you could decide to use UIDs 10000-59999 for 50000 virtual Dovecot users. # user_query = SELECT dir AS home, user AS uid, group AS gid FROM users where userid = '%u' Dovecot, ManageSieve, Exim, OpenLDAP and getmail (Instructions in German) - LDAP users can be both System Users and Virtual Users depending on how you use LDAP with the possibility to add subaccounts for each user. org> wrote: Hello ! Like many people who are posting here, I'm a bit in "trouble" to convert my actual v2. The following suffixes added to a field name are handled specially: pop3c_master_user ¶ Default: <empty> Values: String. key. At the moment, only manual (telnet) interaction is possible. Dovecot's home directories have nothing to do with system users' home directories. snippet text text. masterusers file would contain the master usernames and passwords: In these example we will create 3 kinds of master users. This may include: Mailbox location information; Quota limit; Overriding settings for the user (almost any setting can be overridden) Dovecot can be instructed to run the imap handler as a non-root user, and therefore that binary can be debugged by that same non-root user. However from Returning a user field can be used to change the username. It should belong to its own private dovecot group. Their original and primary purpose is to provide Namespace IMAP extension support, which allows giving IMAP clients hints about where to locate mailboxes and whether they're private, shared or public. UseR-> user). username Like user, but doesn't drop existing domain name (e. For example if a userdb typically returns Hostname (without domain). -u *@example. The master username to authenticate as on the remote POP3 host. Post-login scripting. Users are often On the Dovecot site, things are a bit easier because there is no aliasing, resolving or expansions to do on the received emails. Fetch messages matching this search query. This is mean that when i send email to [email protected],all the users can received. Dovecot, including several other software, allow using “/. sieve mailbox, Dovecot will probably start logging all kinds of errors because the mailbox directory isn’t a valid Sieve script. conf (most commonly quota_rule to set per-user quota limits or also plugin-settings). See Maildir Mailbox Format for more information. Depending on the configuration, the login name may be for example jane or john@example. Users can be added by editing this file. Empty lines and lines beginning with # character are ignored. Digest-MD5 has two things that make it special and which can cause problems: Instead of using user @ domain usernames, it supports realms. This is used by, for example, last-login plugin and imap_metadata. If you’re planning on using virtual users, it’s easier to first create a simple passwd-like file to make sure that the authentication will work. Dovecot namespaces can be used for several LDA is now running using the local user's UID and GID. This shouldn't be thought of as a security feature, but instead simply as a way for non-admins to run Dovecot in their favorite mail server. You have to create the quota-warning. d/. Chasquid and Dovecot SASL. org> wrote: Hi, I’m using Dovecot 2. 1. Dovecot LDA Examples. The following suffixes added to a field name are handled specially: If you want to do this without any downtime, you can do the conversion one user at a time. org). ACLs If acl plugin plugin is enabled, the master user is still subject to ACLs just like any other user, which means that by default the master user has no access to any mailboxes of the user. The !field tells Dovecot to fetch the field’s value but not to do anything with it otherwise. In future it's possible that Dovecot could support multiple passwords in different schemes for a single user. x installation. Prefetch User Database¶. userdb lookup then retrieves post-login information specific to the authenticated user. utf8 size. sent date. They don’t need a home directory or a shell. User Extra Fields One example could be a special "spam" master user that trains the users' spam filters by reading the messages from the user's spam mailbox. The next example will be users who can read all email for their domain only. crt, and key file tls. To grant the master user access to all Mailboxes, the dovecot-acl file can contain: * user=masteruser lr. This setting can also be used in passdb/userdb passwd_file { auth_username_format } to change the username for the duration of the lookup. . Multiple passwd files¶ You can use all the Variable in the passwd-file filenames, for example: 🏁 Summary and Next Steps. It's possible to make Dovecot run under a single system user without requiring root privileges at any point. The third example will be users who can read email of domains listed in a Dovecot CE Documentation. User Digest-MD5¶. Here is a very simple basic configuration with single vmail user to be placed in dovecot. dovecot. Used by untrusted imap-login and pop3-login processes, default_login_user setting. NSS. Then for each user: user The user's login name. It’s usually used with SQL, LDAP Authentication, and CheckPassword passdbs. An alias table looks like this: It maps *local* users to This article explains Dovecot virtual user concepts and PostgreSQL-based mail server account table design methods, focusing on the mail_domain, mail_users, and For these examples, we will create 3 kinds of master users: Users who can read all email for all domains; Users who can read all email for their domain only; Users who can read email of dovecot user is used internally for unprivileged Dovecot processes. Dovecot opens both of these files while still running as root, so you don't need to give Dovecot any special permissions to read them (in fact: do not give dovecot user any permissions to the key file). Chrooting¶. ARGUMENTS search_query Show messages matching this search query. You'll then just have to be careful that the UIDs aren't used unintentionally elsewhere. qqrixf frpr guhcfjszl xdlgo yco tmtdkh sjzn jbhfak tufaz szeme ynmcni wawuu vink aplfd cnb